Wolvesey Castle

Overview

Wolvesey Castle, also known as the Old Bishop’s Palace, is a medieval palace ruin in Winchester, Hampshire. Built in the 12th century for the powerful Bishops of Winchester, it served as one of the most important ecclesiastical residences in England. The castle was both a fortified stronghold and a luxurious palace, reflecting the immense wealth and influence of the medieval church. Its remains, now in the care of English Heritage, stand beside the River Itchen near Winchester Cathedral.

Early history

The site of Wolvesey was first developed in the late 10th century when the early bishops of Winchester established a residence close to the cathedral. The stone castle seen today was begun around 1110 by Bishop William Giffard and greatly expanded under Bishop Henry of Blois, brother of King Stephen, in the mid-12th century. Henry transformed Wolvesey into an impressive palace-fortress—one of the grandest episcopal residences in Norman England.

Building and layout

The castle was arranged around a large courtyard enclosed by curtain walls, with a great hall, chapel, kitchens, and residential apartments. Its defensive features included towers, battlements, and a gatehouse guarding access from the city. Despite its military appearance, Wolvesey was designed primarily for comfort and ceremony. The great hall was the centre of episcopal life, hosting banquets, councils, and royal visitors. The extensive complex demonstrated the dual role of the medieval bishop as both a spiritual leader and a political power.

Later history and decline

Wolvesey Castle played a significant role during The Anarchy (1135–1154), the civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda. Bishop Henry of Blois fortified the palace and held it against royal forces during the siege of Winchester in 1141, after which parts of the castle were damaged. Although it remained in use through the later Middle Ages, the bishops eventually built a new palace nearby in the 17th century. The old castle was gradually abandoned and fell into ruin.

Present condition

Today the ruins of Wolvesey Castle are managed by English Heritage and freely accessible to visitors. Substantial sections of the walls, hall, and domestic ranges survive, illustrating the scale and sophistication of the original complex. Information panels on-site describe its history and architecture, and the tranquil riverside setting makes it one of Winchester’s most evocative historic monuments. Wolvesey remains a testament to the power and prestige of the medieval bishops who once rivalled kings in influence.